Summary
This widely cited review examines how electrospinning is moving from the laboratory toward genuine industrial production of polymer nanofibers. The authors survey the technological approaches that make scale-up possible — increasing throughput, maintaining accuracy and preserving the functionality of the fibers — and map the equipment and companies that now supply both laboratory and industrial-scale systems. They discuss the main application areas driving commercial interest, including air and water filtration, drug delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, and active materials for photonics and electronics. A critical analysis weighs the technological strengths and weaknesses of each route alongside the market challenges expected as electrospun products reach larger-scale manufacturing.