Summary
Electrospun nanofibers are widely used as tissue-engineering scaffolds because their morphology resembles the natural extracellular matrix, and because the process is flexible and inexpensive — supporting regeneration of cartilage, ligaments, tendons, muscle and bone. This review chapter explains how the architecture and intrinsic structure of electrospun fibers can be deliberately tailored through process and solution parameters. It discusses how factors of the electrospinning process shape fiber diameter, alignment, porosity and internal molecular organisation, and how the choice of material — polyesters, their copolymers, blends with natural biopolymers such as gelatin, collagen or chitosan, or composites with nanoparticles — tunes the required scaffold properties. By connecting parameter choices to the resulting fiber architecture, the chapter provides guidance for designing electrospun scaffolds suited to specific tissue-engineering applications.